Cadmium ilana awọn igbesẹ ati awọn sile

I. Itọju Ohun elo Raw ati Isọdi mimọ akọkọ

1. .Igbaradi Ifunni-funfun Cadmium-Mimọ.

• .Acid Fifọ‌: Immerse ile-iṣẹ cadmium ingots ni 5% -10% ojutu nitric acid ni 40-60°C fun awọn wakati 1-2 lati yọ awọn oxides dada ati awọn idoti ti fadaka kuro. Fi omi ṣan pẹlu omi deionized titi pH didoju ati igbale gbẹ.
• .Hydrometallurgical Leaching‌: Ṣe itọju egbin cadmium ti o ni ninu (fun apẹẹrẹ, Ejò-cadmium slag) pẹlu sulfuric acid (15-20% ifọkansi) ni 80-90°C fun wakati 4-6, ni iyọrisi ≥95% cadmium leaching ṣiṣe. Ṣe àlẹmọ ati ṣafikun lulú zinc (1.2-1.5 awọn akoko stoichiometric ratio) fun iṣipopada lati gba cadmium kanrinkan

1. .Yo ati Simẹnti.

• Fi ẹru cadmium kanrinkan sinu awọn crucibles graphite mimọ-giga, yo labẹ oju-aye argon ni 320-350°C, ki o si tú sinu awọn apẹrẹ graphite fun itutu agba lọra. Fọọmu ingots pẹlu iwuwo ≥8.65 g/cm³

II. Agbegbe Refaini

1. .Equipment ati Parameters.

• Lo awọn ileru didanu agbegbe lilefoofo petele pẹlu iwọn agbegbe didà ti 5-8 mm, iyara ipako ti 3-5 mm/h, ati 8-12 isọdọtun kọja. Iwọn otutu: 50-80 ° C / cm; igbale ≤10⁻³ Pa‌
• .Iyapa aimọ‌: agbegbe atunwi n kọja asiwaju idojukọ, zinc, ati awọn aimọ miiran ni iru ingot. Yọ apakan 15-20% ti o kẹhin kuro ni ọlọrọ alaimọ, iyọrisi mimọ agbedemeji ≥99.999%

1. .Awọn iṣakoso bọtini.

• Didà agbegbe otutu: 400-450C (die-die loke cadmium ká yo ojuami ti 321°C);
• Oṣuwọn itutu: 0.5-1.5 ° C / min lati dinku awọn abawọn lattice;
• Oṣuwọn ṣiṣan Argon: 10-15 L / min lati dena ifoyina

III. Electrolytic Refining

1. .Electrolyte Formulation.

• Ohun elo elekitiroti: Sulfate Cadmium (CdSO₄, 80-120 g/L) ati sulfuric acid (pH 2-3), pẹlu 0.01-0.05 g/L gelatin ti a ṣafikun lati mu iwuwo idogo cathode pọ si‌

1. .Ilana Ilana.

• Anode: Crude cadmium awo; Cathode: Titanium awo;
• Iwọn lọwọlọwọ: 80-120 A/m²; Foliteji sẹẹli: 2.0-2.5 V;
• Electrolysis otutu: 30-40 ° C; Iye akoko: 48-72 wakati; Cathode ti nw ≥99.99%.

IV. Igbale Idinku Distillation

1. .Idinku otutu-giga ati Iyapa.

• Gbe awọn ingots cadmium sinu ileru igbale (titẹ ≤10⁻² Pa), ṣafihan hydrogen bi idinku, ati ooru si 800-1000°C lati dinku awọn oxides cadmium si cadmium gaseous. Condenser otutu: 200-250 °C; Ipin mimọ ≥99.9995%

1. .Imudara Imukuro Aimọ.

• Olori ti o ku, bàbà, ati awọn idoti onirin miiran ≤0.1 ppm;
• Atẹgun akoonu ≤5 ppm‌

V. Czochralski Nikan Crystal Growth

1. .Yo Iṣakoso ati irugbin Crystal igbaradi.

• Ṣe kojọpọ awọn ingots cadmium mimọ-giga sinu awọn crucibles quartz mimọ-giga, yo labẹ argon ni 340-360°C. Lo <100>-Oorun awọn irugbin cadmium kan-crystal (iwọn ila opin 5-8 mm), ti a ti ṣaju ni 800°C lati yọkuro wahala inu.

1. .Crystal nfa paramita.

• Iyara fifa: 1.0-1.5 mm / min (ipele akọkọ), 0.3-0.5 mm / min (idagbasoke-ipinle);
• Yiyi ti o ni eruku: 5-10 rpm (iyipo-counter);
• Iwọn otutu: 2-5 ° C / mm; Lilọ-liquid ni wiwo otutu iyipada ≤±0.5°C‌

1. .Awọn ilana Imukuro Aṣiṣe.

• .Iranlọwọ aaye Oofa‌: Waye 0.2-0.5 T axial oofa aaye lati dinku rudurudu yo ati ki o dinku awọn aimọ aimọ;
• .Itutu ti iṣakoso‌: Iwọn itutu agbaiye lẹhin-idagbasoke ti 10-20 ° C / h dinku awọn abawọn dislocation ti o ṣẹlẹ nipasẹ aapọn gbona‌.

VI. Lẹhin-Iṣakoso ati Iṣakoso Didara

1. .Crystal Machining.

• .Ige‌: Lo awọn wiwọn okun waya diamond lati ge sinu 0.5-1.0 mm wafers ni 20-30 m/s iyara waya;
• .Didan‌: Kemikali darí polishing (CMP) pẹlu nitric acid-ethanol adalu (1: 5 vol. ratio), iyọrisi dada roughness Ra ≤0.5 nm.

1. .Awọn ajohunše Didara.

• .Mimo‌: GDMS (Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry) jẹrisi Fe, Cu, Pb ≤0.1 ppm;
• .Resistivity‌: ≤5×10⁻⁸ Ω·m (mimọ ≥99.9999%);
• .Crystallographic Iṣalaye: Iyapa <0.5°; Ìwọ̀n ìpakúpa ≤10³/cm²

VII. Ilana Iṣapejuwe Awọn itọnisọna

1. .Yiyọ Iwa-aimọ ti a fojusi.

• Lo awọn resini paṣipaarọ ion fun ipolowo yiyan ti Cu, Fe, ati bẹbẹ lọ, ni idapo pẹlu isọdọtun agbegbe ipele-pupọ lati ṣaṣeyọri mimọ-ite 6N (99.9999%)‌

1. .Automation Upgrades.

• Awọn algoridimu AI ni agbara ṣatunṣe iyara fifa, awọn iwọn otutu, ati bẹbẹ lọ, jijẹ ikore lati 85% si 93%;
• Ṣe iwọn iwọn crucible soke si awọn inṣi 36, ti n mu ifunni ifunni-ẹyọkan ti 2800 kg, dinku agbara agbara si 80 kWh/kg

1. .Agbero ati Resource Recovery.

• Ṣe atunṣe egbin idọti acid nipasẹ paṣipaarọ ion (imularada Cd ≥99.5%);
• Ṣe itọju awọn gaasi eefin pẹlu adsorption erogba ti a mu ṣiṣẹ + fifọ ipilẹ alkaline (imularada oruku Cd ≥98%)‌

Lakotan

Idagba kirisita cadmium ati ilana isọdọmọ ṣepọ hydrometallurgy, isọdọtun iwọn otutu ti ara, ati awọn imọ-ẹrọ idagbasoke gara konge. Nipasẹ leaching acid, isọdọtun agbegbe, itanna, distillation igbale, ati idagbasoke Czochralski-ni idapọ pẹlu adaṣe ati awọn iṣe ore-ọrẹ-o jẹ ki iṣelọpọ iduroṣinṣin ti 6N-grade ultra-high-purity cadmium single crystals. Iwọnyi pade awọn ibeere fun awọn aṣawari iparun, awọn ohun elo fọtovoltaic, ati awọn ẹrọ semikondokito ilọsiwaju. Awọn ilọsiwaju ọjọ iwaju yoo dojukọ si idagbasoke kristali-nla, ipinya aimọ ti a fojusi, ati iṣelọpọ erogba kekere