1. Ifihan

Antimony, gẹgẹbi irin pataki ti kii ṣe irin-irin, ni lilo pupọ ni awọn idaduro ina, awọn alloys, semiconductor ati awọn aaye miiran. Sibẹsibẹ, awọn ohun elo antimony ni iseda nigbagbogbo n gbe pẹlu arsenic, ti o mu abajade akoonu arsenic giga ninu antimony robi ti o ni ipa pataki iṣẹ ati awọn ohun elo ti awọn ọja antimony. Nkan yii ṣe agbekalẹ awọn ọna lọpọlọpọ fun yiyọkuro arsenic ni isọdọtun antimony robi, pẹlu isọdọtun pyrometallurgical, isọdọtun hydrometallurgical, ati isọdọtun elekitiroliti, ṣe alaye awọn ipilẹ wọn, ṣiṣan ilana, awọn ipo iṣẹ, ati awọn anfani / aila-nfani.

2. Pirometallurgical Refining fun Arsenic Yiyọ

2.1 Alkaline Refining Ọna

2.1.1 Ilana

Ọna isọdọtun ipilẹ n yọ arsenic ti o da lori iṣesi laarin arsenic ati awọn agbo ogun irin alkali lati dagba awọn arsenates. Awọn idogba idahun akọkọ:
2Bi + 3Na₂CO₃ → 2Na₃AsO₃ + 3CO↑
4Bi + 5O₂ + 6Na₂CO₃ → 4Na₃AsO₄ + 6CO₂↑

2.1.2 Sisan ilana

1. Igbaradi ohun elo aise: Fọ antimony robi sinu awọn patikulu 5-10mm ki o dapọ pẹlu eeru soda (Na₂CO₃) ni ipin pupọ ti 10:1
2. Din: Ooru ninu ileru reverberatory si 850-950°C, mu fun wakati 2-3
3. Oxidation: Ṣe afihan afẹfẹ fisinuirindigbindigbin (titẹ 0.2-0.3MPa), oṣuwọn sisan 2-3m³/(h·t)
4. Ṣiṣẹda Slag: Ṣafikun iye iyọ ti o yẹ (NaNO₃) bi oxidant, iwọn lilo 3-5% ti iwuwo antimony
5. yiyọ Slag: Lẹhin ti o yanju fun awọn iṣẹju 30, yọ slag dada kuro
6. Tun isẹ: Tun awọn loke ilana 2-3 igba

2.1.3 Ilana Iṣakoso paramita

• Iṣakoso iwọn otutu: Iwọn otutu to dara julọ 900± 20°C
• Iwọn alkalin: Ṣatunṣe ni ibamu si akoonu arsenic, deede 8-12% ti iwuwo antimony
• Akoko oxidation: 1-1.5 wakati fun iyipo ifoyina

2.1.4 Arsenic Yiyọ ṣiṣe

Le dinku akoonu arsenic lati 2-5% si 0.1-0.3%

2.2 Oxidative Volatilization Ọna

2.2.1 Ilana

Nlo iwa ti oxide arsenic (As₂O₃) jẹ iyipada diẹ sii ju oxide antimony lọ. Bi ₂O₃ ṣe yipada ni 193°C nikan, lakoko ti Sb₂O₃ nilo 656°C.

2.2.2 Sisan ilana

1. Din Oxidative: Ooru ninu kiln iyipo si 600-650°C pẹlu ifihan afẹfẹ
2. Itọju gaasi eefin: Pọ ki o gba pada bi ₂O₃
3. Idinku smelting: Din awọn ohun elo ti o ku ni 1200 ° C pẹlu coke
4. Isọdọtun: Fi iwọn kekere ti eeru soda fun isọdọtun siwaju sii

2.2.3 Key paramita

• Ifojusi atẹgun: 21-28%
• Akoko ibugbe: 4-6 wakati
• Iyara Yiyi Kiln: 0.5-1r / min

3. Hydrometallurgical Refining fun Arsenic Yiyọ

3.1 Alkali Sulfide Leaching Ọna

3.1.1 Ilana

Nlo iwa ti arsenic sulfide ni solubility ti o ga julọ ninu awọn solusan sulfide alkali ju antimony sulfide. Idahun akọkọ:
As₂S₃ + ​​3Na₂S → 2Na₃AsS₃
Sb₂S₃ + ​​Na₂S → Ailopin

3.1.2 Sisan ilana

1. Sulfidation: Darapọ lulú antimony robi pẹlu imi-ọjọ ni iwọn 1: 0.3 ipin, sulfidize ni 500 ° C fun wakati kan
2. Leaching: Lo ojutu 2mol/L Na₂S, ipin-omi-lile 5:1, ru ni 80°C fun wakati 2
3. Sisẹ: Ajọ pẹlu titẹ àlẹmọ, iyoku jẹ ifọkansi antimony-arsenic kekere
4. Isọdọtun: Ṣafihan H₂S sinu àlẹmọ lati ṣe atunbi Na₂S

3.1.3 ilana Awọn ipo

• Na₂S fojusi: 1.5-2.5mol/L
• Idẹ pH: 12-13
• Imudara Leaching: Bi>90%, pipadanu Sb<5%

3.2 Epo Oxidative Leaching Ọna

3.2.1 Ilana

Nlo ifoyina arsenic rọrun ni awọn ipo ekikan, ni lilo awọn oxidants bii FeCl₃ tabi H₂O₂ fun itusilẹ yiyan.

3.2.2 Sisan ilana

1. Leaching: Ni ojutu 1.5mol/L HCl, ṣafikun 0.5mol/L FeCl₃, ipin-omi-ra 8: 1
2. Iṣakoso ti o pọju: Ṣetọju agbara ifoyina ni 400-450mV (vs.SHE)
3. Iyapa olomi-lile: Filtration vacuum, filtrate firanṣẹ si imularada arsenic
4. Fifọ: Fọ iyoku àlẹmọ ni igba mẹta pẹlu dilute hydrochloric acid

4. Electrolytic Refining Ọna

4.1 Ilana

Nlo iyatọ ninu awọn agbara ifisilẹ laarin antimony (+0.212V) ati arsenic (+0.234V).

4.2 Sisan ilana

1. Igbaradi Anode: Sọ antimony robi sinu 400×600×20mm anode farahan
2. Electrolyte tiwqn: Sb³⁺ 80g/L, HCl 120g/L, aropo (gelatin) 0.5g/L
3. Awọn ipo elekitirolisisi:
   • Iwọn lọwọlọwọ: 120-150A/m²
   • Foliteji sẹẹli: 0.4-0.6V
   • Iwọn otutu: 30-35°C
   • Electrode ijinna: 100mm
4. Yiyi: Yọọ kuro ninu sẹẹli ni gbogbo ọjọ 7-10

4.3 Imọ Ifi

• Cathode antimony mimọ: ≥99.85%
• Oṣuwọn yiyọkuro arsenic:>95%
• Iṣiṣẹ lọwọlọwọ: 85-90%

5. Nyoju Arsenic Yiyọ Technologies

5.1 Igbale Distillation

Labẹ igbale 0.1-10Pa, nlo iyatọ titẹ oru (Bi: 133Pa ni 550 ° C, Sb nilo 1000 ° C).

5.2 Plasma Oxidation

Nlo pilasima otutu kekere (5000-10000K) fun yiyan oxidation arsenic, akoko ṣiṣe kukuru (10-30min), agbara kekere.

6. Ilana Ifiwera ati Aṣayan Awọn iṣeduro

Awọn iṣeduro yiyan:

• Ifunni arsenic ti o ga julọ (Bi> 3%): Ṣe ayanfẹ alkali sulfide leaching
• Arsenic alabọde (0.5-3%): isọdọtun alkaline tabi eletiriki
• Awọn ibeere mimọ-kekere arsenic: Isọdanu elekitiriki niyanju

7. Ipari

Yiyọ arsenic kuro ninu antimony robi nilo akiyesi pipe ti awọn abuda ohun elo aise, awọn ibeere ọja, ati eto-ọrọ aje. Awọn ọna pyrometallurgical ti aṣa ni agbara nla ṣugbọn titẹ agbegbe pataki; Awọn ọna hydrometallurgical ko ni idoti diẹ ṣugbọn awọn ilana to gun; Awọn ọna elekitiroti ṣe agbejade mimọ giga ṣugbọn jẹ agbara diẹ sii. Awọn itọnisọna idagbasoke iwaju pẹlu:

1. Dagbasoke awọn afikun idapọpọ daradara
2. Ti o dara ju awọn ilana apapọ awọn ipele pupọ
3. Imudara lilo awọn orisun arsenic
4. Idinku agbara agbara ati awọn itujade idoti